Permanent Magnets in Traction Motors
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Traction motors predominantly employ Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) which utilize permanent magnets to generate their magnetic fields.
For PMSMs, the commonly used magnet materials include
- Samarium-Cobalt (SmCo) Magnets: Recognized for their high magnetic energy product, which reaches up to 30-35MGOe. They are favored for their high operating temperatures, safety, reliability, and stability, especially in high-speed rail transport surpassing 350km/h.
- Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) Magnets: Widely incorporated in traditional PMSMs. However, they're gradually being replaced by SmCo magnets in the rail transport sector.
Popular magnet shapes for PMSM applications include
- Block Magnets: Installed on the motor's rotor, they interact with the stator's magnetic field.
- Laminated Magnets: Laminated magnets are designed as multiple layers to reduce eddy current losses at high speeds, lowering motor temperature and the risk of magnet failure.
- Arc Magnets: Suitable for PMSM applications where specific magnetic field generation is required.
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