Pelton Turbine

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An impulse type water turbine for hydropower sites with high head and low flow water sources

Water head: 200-800m
Power output: 100kW to 20MW
Flow rate: 0.3-10m³/s

Pelton turbines are hydraulic prime movers that convert the kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy. This is achieved by using a specialized water guide system to direct a high-speed free jet onto the runner buckets, causing the runner to rotate and perform work. Water from a pressure pipeline is converted into a high-velocity jet through a nozzle, which then strikes the runner tangentially, causing it to rotate. This rotation drives the generator rotor to produce electricity.

Based on the relative position of the working jet to the runner and the number of working jets, Pelton turbines are classified into:

Tangential flow turbines
Inclined-jet turbines
Double-nozzle turbines.

Pelton turbines are particularly suitable for rivers with high head, ranging from 200m to 800m, and relatively low flow rates. In addition, Pelton turbines benefit hydropower plants with their convenient construction, allowing for quick installation, making them a cost-effective and efficient choice for high-head hydropower projects.

You might also be interested in these Projects

The project exported to Pakistan

Water head: 210m
Power: 5000KW (2 × 2500KW each)

The project exported to Laos

Water head: 260m
Flow rate: 1.5m³/s
Power: 2500 KW (2 × 1250KW each)

The project exported to South Africa

Water head: 200m
Flow rate: 1m³/s
Power: 2000 KW (2 × 1000KW each)

Hechi Tianhe Hydropower Station, 2006

Water head: 250m
Flow rate: 0.3m³/s
Power: 630KW

Hydropower Station in Qingyuan, 2005

Water Head: 271m
Flow Rate: 0.5 m³/s
Power: 800 KW (2 × 400KW each)

The project exported to South Africa, 2015

Water Head: 300m
Flow Rate: 1m³/s
Power: 2500 KW (2× 1250KW each)

Key Structural Features

Turbine runner (drive wheel, main shaft, etc.)
Nozzle/injector (nozzle and associated control mechanisms)
Casing (main casing body, cover, bearing housing, etc.)
Penstock (distribution ring pipe, branch pipes, expansion joints, etc.)

How Does a Pelton Turbine Work?

The distribution ring pipe first directs the high-head water flow to the nozzle. Under atmospheric pressure, the nozzle converts the water’s potential energy into jet kinetic energy. The resulting jet impacts the turbine runner’s spoon-shaped buckets (also known as impulse blades), causing the runner to rotate and convert the kinetic energy into mechanical energy. Finally, this mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by the generator.

Frequently Asked Questions

What hydraulic conditions make rivers suitable for Pelton turbines?

Pelton turbines are generally suitable for rivers with high head, typically ranging from 200m to 800m, and relatively low flow rates. In addition to their suitability, Pelton turbines offer practical benefits such as convenient construction, requiring less concrete, and allowing for quick installation, making them a cost-effective and efficient choice for high-head hydropower projects.

What is the efficiency of Pelton turbines?

The efficiency of impulse turbines can reach up to 95%. For micro-hydropower plants, the maximum efficiency of Pelton turbines can reach approximately 90%.

What are the typical applications of Pelton turbines?

Pelton turbines are typically used in:

Hydropower generation
High-head, low-flow applications
Water supply systems.

Do you customize Pelton turbines?

Yes, we do! With over 21 years of industry experience, we manufacture Pelton turbines tailored to the customers’ specific head, flow rate, and other requirements.

What makes your Pelton turbines different?

Thanks to our professional team and advanced equipment, we excel in Pelton turbines manufacturing. We provide one-stop solutions with dedicated customer support throughout the inquiry to shipment.

Hydro Power Solutions